The basic concepts underpinning time-domain reflectometry. Difference between frequency- and time-domain analysis. Some applications of TDR measurements. Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is a technique ...
A frequency response analyzer (‘FRA’) is often used to measure gain and phase plots of control loops (Bode plots), filter responses and general frequency domain transfer functions. The FRA generally ...
On visiting a high-performance GaAs fab, I was shown a problem with the measurement system. The on-wafer test system was calibrated using a power meter and on-wafer standards, using the built-in ...